ROM011A - Roman Throwing Pilum visibility on the battlefield was

visibility on the battlefield was often limited by smoke

The invasion of Russia (1812)

Controversy and legacy

Stretcher accessory (canvas or wooden frame design)

Radio silence before assault

ROM011A - Roman Throwing Pilum visibility on the battlefield wasThe pilum was designed specifically for short range throwing before close combat. Each legionary typically carried one or two of these weapons. It consisted of a long wooden shaft fitted with a slender iron shank and a pyramidal or barbed tip. The iron portion was intentionally made to bend on impact, preventing enemies from throwing it back and disabling enemy shields. In battle, Roman soldiers would launch volleys of pila just before closing with